Dirham - Osman II, Canca mint

Osman II came to the throne at seventeen and within four years had launched a disastrous campaign against Poland — the Khotin expedition of 1621 — that ended in a forced armistice and exposed the military's structural rot. His attempt to reform the Janissary corps afterward cost him his life; they strangled him in the Yedikule fortress in 1622, making him the first Ottoman sultan to be executed by his own troops. Coins struck in the opening year of his reign, before the political catastrophe unfolded, circulated through a empire that had no idea how badly things were about to go.