Dirham 'Ornamental type' - anepigraphic Bulghar mint

The "ornamental" or anepigraphic dirhams of the Bulghar mint occupy an awkward place in Golden Horde numismatics — they carry no legible inscriptions, which has made attribution contentious for decades. Sagdeeva and Singer both list them, but their precise issuing authority remains debated. Bulghar, on the middle Volga, was the dominant commercial and minting center of the western steppe before Sarai eclipsed it, and these pieces likely circulated in the fur and slave trade routes running north toward the Ural region.

The anepigraphic nature may reflect a deliberate choice for a multilingual trading population, or simply a die-cutter working outside orthodox administrative oversight.