Dirham - Mahmud ibn Pishkin citing Ildegizid Uzbek

The Pishkinids were a minor dynastic fragment clinging to legitimacy in the southern Caucasus during the slow collapse of Seljuk suzerainty, and this coin captures that dependency precisely — Mahmud ibn Pishkin's citation of the Ildegizid Uzbek on his own coinage was a political calculation, not a formality. The Eldiguzids controlled Azerbaijan and wielded the real military weight in the region; acknowledging them on copper kept local rulers viable.

Uzbek ibn Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan ruled the Eldiguzids until 1225, which brackets the upper terminus of this issue tightly.