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Dirham - Khusrafiruz b. Rukn al-dawla vassal of Fakhr al-Dawla - Amul mint
| Uitgever | Amul and Ruyan, Cities of |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 984-995 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | 1 Dirham (0.7) |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ و حْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ الطائع لله خسرو فيروز بن ركن الدولة (Translation: la ilaha illa Allah Wahdahu the sharika lahu Al-Ta`i `llah Khusra Firuz bin Rukn al-Dawla `There are no gods but Allah, Alone, without a partner, Except [Caliph] Al-Ta`i. [The ruler] Khusra Firuz, Son of Rukn ad-Dawla.) |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Central field bears a six-line square Arabic inscription within a double circular border, presenting the titulature of the Buyid overlord Fakhr al-Dawla. The text reads the Shahada continuation followed by the full honorific styling of Fakhr al-Dawla: al-Amir, al-Sayyid, Shahanshah, and 'Falak al-Umma' (Orb of the Nation), identifying him as son of Rukn al-Dawla. A single marginal epigraphic band encircles the double border, carrying supplementary religious or mint legends in Kufic script. The hierarchical presentation of titulature reflects the complex political suzerainty structure of the Buyid confederation. Execution is typical of late 4th-century AH hammered silver production in the Caspian region. |
| Schrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Log in om details te zien |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
Khusrafiruz held Amul as a vassal under Fakhr al-Dawla during the fractious final decades of Buyid power in the Caspian region, a period when local Ziyarid and Buyid client rulers struck coin in their own names while nominally acknowledging overlords they frequently defied. The Amul mint served the trade networks feeding south along the Haraz road into the central Iranian plateau, making its output economically significant well beyond its modest political footprint.
Issues naming both a vassal and his Buyid suzerain on the same flan are among the more complicated attribution problems in tenth-century Islamic numismatics — the hierarchy of acknowledgment shifted issue to issue.