Arghun Khan ruled the Ilkhanate from 1284 until his death in 1291, a reign notable for his active correspondence with European Christian powers — he sent at least three embassies to Rome and the French and English courts proposing a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Mamluks. None succeeded. His epithet *al-'adil*, "the just," appears on this Damghan issue, a mint city in the northern Iranian plateau that had functioned as a regional administrative center since pre-Islamic times. The hexagram flan format is characteristic of his silver coinage, distinguishing it from the round flans of earlier Ilkhanid issues.
Arghun Khan ruled the Ilkhanate from 1284 until his death in 1291, a reign notable for his active correspondence with European Christian powers — he sent at least three embassies to Rome and the French and English courts proposing a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Mamluks. None succeeded. His epithet *al-'adil*, "the just," appears on this Damghan issue, a mint city in the northern Iranian plateau that had functioned as a regional administrative center since pre-Islamic times. The hexagram flan format is characteristic of his silver coinage, distinguishing it from the round flans of earlier Ilkhanid issues.