Dirham - Anonymous Tiflis mint - type 2

Historical Context: This silver dirham, issued anonymously from the Tiflis mint between 1262 and 1281, dates to the crucial period of the Ilkhanate's consolidation under Abaqa Khan (1265-1282). Tiflis, a strategic city in the Caucasus, was a significant regional center under Mongol control. The anonymous nature of this issue, type 2, suggests a standardized coinage reflecting stable Ilkhanid administration rather than personalized output, integrating diverse territories into the Mongol economic system.

Artistry: Lacking specific engraver attribution, this dirham exemplifies the aniconic Islamic numismatic tradition prevalent in the Ilkhanate. The design is primarily calligraphic, executed in clear Naskh script. The obverse typically features the Kalima, while the reverse would bear the mint name "Tiflis" and the date within the 1262-1281 range. The absence of a specific ruler's name on anonymous issues emphasizes broader Ilkhanid authority and religious legitimacy, adhering to a well-established stylistic school.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver, measuring 22mm and weighing 2.6g, this dirham's technical quality is assessed by the clarity and completeness of its calligraphic legends. High-points for wear or strike are the raised elements of the Arabic script, particularly ascenders and descenders, and any central ornamentation. A well-preserved example exhibits a full, centered strike with sharp, legible inscriptions and minimal die wear. However, medieval minting often resulted in irregular flans or areas of weakness.