Dirham - anonymous, temp. Mangu Timur Khwarizm mint

Mangu Timur was the first Golden Horde khan to assert genuine independence from the greater Mongol empire, breaking with the Ilkhanate following Berke's earlier conflicts and consolidating Pontic steppe authority on his own terms. These anonymous dirhams from Khwarizm — the old Khorezmian capital that had been razed by Genghis Khan in 1221 and only partially recovered under Mongol administration — carry no khan's name, a deliberate policy that kept such coins formally subordinate to no individual ruler while still circulating as instruments of Horde commerce.

The Sagdeeva references split this type across two entries, likely reflecting die or weight standard variations within the same emission period.