Muhammad II spent much of his reign in open defiance of the Abbasid Caliph al-Nasir, and his dirham coinage reflects that tension — the caliph's name, traditionally required on Islamic silver, was pointedly omitted from many of his issues as relations deteriorated toward outright hostility. He reportedly lobbied to have al-Nasir deposed. It is widely argued that al-Nasir's diplomatic overtures to Genghis Khan helped invite the Mongol invasion that would annihilate the Khwarezmian state within years of these coins leaving the mint.
Muhammad II spent much of his reign in open defiance of the Abbasid Caliph al-Nasir, and his dirham coinage reflects that tension — the caliph's name, traditionally required on Islamic silver, was pointedly omitted from many of his issues as relations deteriorated toward outright hostility. He reportedly lobbied to have al-Nasir deposed. It is widely argued that al-Nasir's diplomatic overtures to Genghis Khan helped invite the Mongol invasion that would annihilate the Khwarezmian state within years of these coins leaving the mint.