Dirham - 'Ala al-din Muhammad 'Muhammad II of Khwarezm'

Muhammad II spent much of his reign in open defiance of the Abbasid Caliph al-Nasir, and his dirham coinage reflects that tension — the caliph's name, traditionally required on Islamic silver, was pointedly omitted from many of his issues as relations deteriorated toward outright hostility. He reportedly lobbied to have al-Nasir deposed. It is widely argued that al-Nasir's diplomatic overtures to Genghis Khan helped invite the Mongol invasion that would annihilate the Khwarezmian state within years of these coins leaving the mint.