Dirham - al-Zahir Jaqmaq

Al-Zahir Jaqmaq ruled the Mamluk Sultanate for fifteen years after seizing power from the infant son of Barsbay — an unusually stable tenure by late Mamluk standards, where sultans were routinely deposed within months. His reign saw persistent monetary debasement pressures as the sultanate's silver supply contracted, and dirhams of this period frequently circulated well below their nominal value against the dominant Venetian ducat trade currency flooding Levantine markets.