Dinero - Fernando IV

Fernando IV inherited the throne at age nine in 1295, and the regency struggle that followed — contested between his mother María de Molina, his uncle Enrique de Senabria, and the Aragonese crown — created genuine institutional uncertainty over who held minting authority. Billon coinage of this reign circulated through a kingdom perpetually short of silver, and the dinero denominations absorbed the worst of that shortage in their alloy.

Fernando died in 1312 at thirty, reportedly in good health, within a month of having sentenced two brothers to death by throwing them from a cliff. The nickname history assigned him — El Emplazado, the Summoned — derives from their alleged dying curse.