Denier - Sieciech Kraków or Sieciechów mint

Sieciech was not a monarch but a palatine — the most powerful non-royal figure in late 11th-century Poland, effectively ruling as regent during the conflicts between Władysław Herman's sons. That a coin bears his name at all reflects how completely he had displaced royal authority in practice. His eventual exile in 1101, forced by the combined pressure of Zbigniew and Bolesław, brought an abrupt end to whatever minting activity operated under his authority.

Attribution to Kraków or Sieciechów remains unresolved in the literature. Kop#228 is among the thinner-documented entries in Kopicki's corpus.