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| 正面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | Latin |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | A degenerate Carolingian monogram occupies the center of the field, rendered in a debased and stylized form derived from the KAROLVS monogram of Carolingian prototype, enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The surrounding area features the same border of triangular tooth-like projections as the obverse. A Latin legend reading ROTOMACVS, denoting the mint city of Rouen, encircles the design. |
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| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
Issued under Richard I of Normandy — called "the Fearless" — during a reign that saw him consolidate Viking-descended Normans into a functioning feudal duchy while maintaining an uneasy peace with the Carolingian and later Capetian kings of France. The billon content of these deniers varied considerably across the minting period, reflecting no centralized control over alloy composition rather than any deliberate debasement policy.