Denier - Philip of Taranto

Historical Context: This Denier was issued under Philip of Taranto, an Angevin prince who governed the Despotate of Epirus from 1294 to 1313. As a key figure in the House of Anjou-Naples, Philip's rule in Epirus represented a significant Western European presence in the fragmented post-Byzantine Balkans. His claim, solidified through marriage and inheritance, aimed to extend Angevin influence and consolidate power in a region constantly contested by Byzantines, Serbs, and other Latin entities. This coinage thus symbolizes Angevin authority and the complex geopolitical landscape of the late 13th and early 14th centuries.

Artistry: While the specific engraver remains anonymous, the coin's design reflects a provincial adaptation of contemporary Western European numismatic traditions, particularly those of the Angevin realm. Typical designs for such billon deniers feature a prominent cross on the obverse, often encircled by a Latin legend identifying the ruler or issuing entity. The reverse commonly displays a monarchical emblem, such as a fleur-de-lis or a simplified bust, also accompanied by a Latin inscription. This adherence to Latin script and Western iconography underscores Philip's cultural and political allegiance, despite ruling a predominantly Greek Orthodox population.

Technical/Grading: Struck in billon, a low-silver alloy, this Denier frequently exhibits characteristics typical of medieval mass production. High-points most prone to wear generally include the central elements of the cross or any crown/head details present on the design. Technical strike qualities often involve irregular flans, off-center strikes, and variable strike pressure, leading to areas of weakness, particularly evident in the legends. The relatively thin flan, indicated by its 19mm diameter and 0.76g weight, often results in some planchet buckling or stress marks, affecting overall sharpness and detail.