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Denier - Pepin the Short Verdun mint, VIRDVN
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 751-768 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears a bold monogram composed of the letters R and F in raised relief, abbreviating Rex Francorum (King of the Franks), rendered in the angular Carolingian epigraphic style typical of Pepin the Short's coinage. A small cross or crosslet device appears above the monogram. The entire design is enclosed within a beaded border following the irregular hammered flan. No portrait or effigy is present, consistent with the aniconic character of early Carolingian deniers. The die work is robust but somewhat uneven, reflecting hand-hammering workshop production. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | Rx F (Translation: King of the Franks.) |
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| Edge | Plain |
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