Denier - Pepin the Short Holy Cross Abbey, Rx F

Pépin III — who deposed the last Merovingian king Childeric III in 751 with papal blessing, becoming the first Carolingian monarch — reorganized Frankish coinage fundamentally during his reign, shifting minting authority toward ecclesiastical and royal centers. Holy Cross Abbey, almost certainly Sainte-Croix de Poitiers, held the right to strike in its own name under this arrangement. The absence of a Prou reference for this specific type is not unusual; Prou's catalog has long been acknowledged as incomplete for early Carolingian ecclesiastical issues, and Gariel remains the more reliable anchor here.