Denier - Karolus III

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正面文字	Latin
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背面描述	A patriarchal cross (double-barred cross) displayed at the center of the field, enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The cross is boldly struck in a plain style consistent with hammered Aragonese deniers of the early eighteenth century. The surrounding legend reads ARAGONVM in Latin, with the date of issue incorporated into the legend. The overall design follows the traditional medieval type associated with the Aragonese monetary system.
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附加信息	Charles III of Austria — the Habsburg claimant backed by England, the Dutch Republic, and Portugal — issued these deniers from Barcelona during the War of the Spanish Succession, when he controlled Catalonia and Valencia but precious little else of the Iberian peninsula. The small copper output from this period reflects a fragile administration minting under active military threat; Bourbon forces would ultimately prevail, and Philip V's 1716 Nueva Planta decrees abolished the Crown of Aragon's separate institutions entirely. Cal#57 places this among the rarer Barcelona issues of the contested reign.

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