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Denier - Jean XXII Parma
| Issuer | Papal States (Parma) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1326-1328 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Two papal keys crossed saltire-wise and bound together at the centre, their bows interlocked at the top and their wards pointing downward, set within a beaded inner circle. The peripheral Latin legend, separated by pellet stops, reads around the entire circumference of the coin and refers to the Holy Roman Church. The design is typical of Papal coinage of the early fourteenth century. |
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| Mintage | ND (1326-1328) |
| Additional information |
Jean XXII — the Avignon pope whose reign stretched from 1316 to 1334 — held temporal authority over Parma only briefly. The city had been under direct papal control since the early fourteenth century, but factional instability and the ambitions of local signori made the period between 1326 and 1328 particularly precarious. Jean's coinage from Parma belongs to a narrow administrative window before the city's loyalties shifted again.
Billon deniers of this type survive in small numbers, consistent with the short striking period and the low intrinsic value that made such pieces expendable in circulation.