Denier - Henry I Tower, Vilvoorde mint

Henry I of Brabant operated the Vilvoorde mint intermittently, and its output during this period reflects the broader fragmentation of coinage rights in the Low Countries — multiple mints striking simultaneously under ducal authority, often with inconsistent alloy quality. Vilvoorde issues tend to run lighter than their Leuven counterparts, a pattern Witte noted in his survey of the type.