Denier - Grimoald IV

Grimoald IV ruled Benevento under persistent Frankish pressure — Charlemagne had already forced the principality into nominal submission, and coinage of this period reflects the uneasy autonomy the Lombard south maintained by diplomatic maneuvering rather than military strength. The Beneventan mint continued issuing in the prince's own name throughout his reign, a deliberate assertion of independence that Carolingian administrators repeatedly failed to suppress.

Grimoald was ultimately deposed in 817, removed with Frankish connivance in favor of Sico.