Denier - Godfrey III

Historical Context: This Denier was issued by Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lotharingia, between 1065 and 1069. Known as "the Hunchback," Godfrey was a significant figure in the Holy Roman Empire, a loyal vassal of Emperor Henry IV, and a powerful regional magnate. His reign was marked by efforts to consolidate ducal authority amidst a fragmented feudal landscape and conflicts. This coinage asserted his regalian rights, demonstrating sovereignty and facilitating local commerce during a period of evolving political structures in the mid-11th century.

Artistry: The design of this Denier reflects characteristic stylistic conventions of early medieval Germanic coinage. While engravers remain anonymous, the artistry aligns with the Romanesque period’s emphasis on symbolic representation over naturalism. Typical designs feature a prominent central cross, often a short cross or cross potent, symbolizing Christian authority. The obverse frequently displays a stylized ducal bust or architectural element, encircled by a legend bearing the ruler’s name, GODEFRI[DVS], often in a crude, yet legible, hand-cut script.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver and weighing 0.82 grams, this Denier exemplifies manual production techniques of the era. High-points for wear and strike weakness typically include the cross's center, any raised elements of a bust (like a crown), and the legend's outer edges. Collectors should anticipate irregular flans, off-center strikes, and legend variations, common for medieval coinage. A well-preserved example would exhibit a relatively full strike on both devices and a largely decipherable inscription, despite its inherent crudeness.