Denier - Enrico VI and Costanza Brindisi

Enrico VI's claim to Sicily came through his wife Costanza, daughter of Roger II, and their joint coinage was as much a political instrument as a medium of exchange — the dual attribution asserting dynastic legitimacy over a kingdom the Norman barons had resisted handing to a German emperor. Enrico never fully pacified the island; he died in Messina in 1197 before consolidating control, leaving Costanza to govern alone until her own death the following year.

The Brindisi mint attribution for this type rests on Spahr's corpus, the foundational reference for Norman-Hohenstaufen Sicilian coinage.