Denier - Conrad II Strasbourg mint

Conrad II's reign saw aggressive reassertion of royal prerogative over the German church, and the Strasbourg mint operated under the city's bishop — a relationship that made episcopal mints simultaneously dependent on and politically entangled with the crown. Conrad's conflict with the higher German clergy over investiture precedents, which would not fully explode until his grandson Henry IV, was already simmering in administrative form during these years.

Kluge's cataloging of this type under the Carolingian series reflects the remarkable conservatism of Ottonian-Salian coinage, where design continuity across dynasties was deliberate policy rather than inertia.