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Denier Class B2
| Issuer | Republic of Genoa |
|---|---|
| Year | 1160-1180 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field depicts a stylized city gate (castello) with two towers and an arched portal, rendered in bold relief characteristic of 12th-century Genoese hammered coinage. The gate device is enclosed within a cabled (twisted rope) inner circle, beyond which the uncial legend is distributed in four segments separated by pellets. The legend reads ✠ • IA • NV • A •, a fragmented abbreviation of IANVA (the Latin name for Genoa), with a cross pattée at the start. The overall design exhibits the crude but vigorous die-cutting typical of early medieval Italian civic coinage. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A bold pattée cross is struck in high relief at the center of the design, its arms extending to and touching the inner cabled circle that frames the field. The cross divides the inner area into four equal quarters. Beyond the cabled border, the uncial legend CVNRAD1 REX is distributed in the outer annulus, invoking the imperial authority of Conrad (King of the Romans), a formulaic reference retained on Genoese deniers long after the relevant reign. The peripheral zone also features star or wedge-shaped decorative elements between the legend segments, consistent with Class B2 die characteristics. |
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| Mint | Genoa |
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