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Denier - Charles II Saint-Mihiel

发行方	Lorraine, Duchy of
年份	1400-1430
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面值	1 Denier (1⁄240)
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正面描述	The obverse displays a heraldic eagle displayed, rendered in the bold, simplified style characteristic of late medieval hammered coinage. The eagle occupies the central field, its wings spread and head turned, executed with incised feather detailing typical of Lorraine ducal issues. The surrounding circular legend reads KAROLUS DVX, identifying the issuer as Charles, Duke of Lorraine, separated by stylized stops. The flan is irregular and slightly ragged at the edges, consistent with hand-cut billon planchets of the early fifteenth century.
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正面铭文	KAROLUS DVX (Translation: Charles, Duke.)
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附加信息	Charles II ruled the Duchy of Lorraine from 1390 until his death in 1431, a period dominated by the turbulence of the Hundred Years' War spilling across neighboring territories and the persistent instability of the French crown under Charles VI. Saint-Mihiel, situated on the Meuse, maintained its own mint as a secondary ducal striking site alongside Nancy. The billon denier was the workhorse denomination of small transactions, and issues of this weight and alloy were progressively debased across the early fifteenth century as silver grew scarce and war expenditure mounted.

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