Denier - Charles II Saint-Mihiel

Charles II ruled the Duchy of Lorraine from 1390 until his death in 1431, a period dominated by the turbulence of the Hundred Years' War spilling across neighboring territories and the persistent instability of the French crown under Charles VI. Saint-Mihiel, situated on the Meuse, maintained its own mint as a secondary ducal striking site alongside Nancy. The billon denier was the workhorse denomination of small transactions, and issues of this weight and alloy were progressively debased across the early fifteenth century as silver grew scarce and war expenditure mounted.