Denier - Charles II Orleans mint, temple

Charles the Bald inherited a fractured kingdom following the 843 Treaty of Verdun, which split the Carolingian empire among Louis the Pious's three surviving sons. The Orleans mint was among the more active royal workshops during his reign, and the temple type belongs to a broader Carolingian monetary reform effort that sought to standardize silver coinage across territories where local ecclesiastical and comital minting had previously muddied the currency supply.

The 864 Edict of Pîtres, which concluded this issue's production window, imposed some of the most rigorous monetary regulations seen in the Frankish world — fixing authorized mints, setting weight standards, and threatening counterfeiters with the loss of a hand.