Denier - Charles II / Charles III as emperor, Narbonne mint

The Narbonne mint operated under shifting loyalties throughout this period — the city had been a Visigothic stronghold, then an Umayyad emirate for four decades, before Frankish forces under Pepin the Short took it in 759 after a prolonged siege. By the time these deniers were struck, Narbonne held strategic weight as the principal city of Septimania, and its mint reflected that administrative importance. The dating range spans Charles II (the Bald) through Charles III (the Simple), a window that includes the chaos of Viking raids deep into southern Francia and the near-collapse of Carolingian central authority.

The absence of catalog numbers across Nouchy, Gariel, Morrison, and Prou suggests this specific Narbonne type remains imperfectly classified — not necessarily rare, but insufficiently documented to anchor firmly within the existing typological framework.