Denier - Casimir III the Great Kraków mint

Casimir III inherited a fractured Poland from his father Władysław I and spent much of his reign consolidating royal authority, codifying law, and — critically — reforming the coinage. The deniers struck at Kraków under his authority represent the first systematic attempt to impose monetary order on a kingdom that had suffered decades of fragmented, regionally inconsistent minting. He is the only Polish king to earn the epithet "the Great," and the monetary reform was no small part of why.

At 0.26 g, these are extremely thin flans, and die alignment is frequently erratic — not a production flaw unique to individual pieces but a structural characteristic of the Kraków workshop throughout this reign.