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Denier - Béla IV
| Issuer | Hungary |
|---|---|
| Year | 1235-1270 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Denier (997-1310) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | +REX BELA+ (Translation: King Béla) |
| Reverse description | A bold pattée-style cross occupies the central field, set within a beaded inner circle, dividing the design into four quarters. Small six-pointed stars are placed in each angle between the arms of the cross, a motif characteristic of Béla IV coinage. The peripheral legend runs continuously around the outer border in Latin script. The overall composition is typical of mid-13th century Hungarian regal coinage, with a variant (H#322) featuring four human heads between the arms of the cross in place of the stars. |
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| Additional information |
Béla IV's reign was defined almost entirely by catastrophe and reconstruction. The Mongol invasion of 1241–42 devastated the Hungarian kingdom so thoroughly that contemporaries described whole counties as depopulated; Béla spent the aftermath systematically rebuilding towns, granting municipal charters, and fortifying the country against a second invasion that never came. Coinage from this reign was part of that recovery apparatus — thin, small-module deniers struck in quantity to support a reviving internal economy.
The multiple reference numbers reflect genuine attribution difficulty, as die variation across a 35-year reign is considerable.