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Denier - Bardo et empereur Conrad II Mayence
| Issuer | Archbishopric of Mainz |
|---|---|
| Year | 1031-1051 |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Facing crowned and bearded royal bust of Emperor Conrad II (Holy Roman Emperor), rendered in a frontal, hieratic style with stylized facial features including a long beard and prominent crown with pendilia. The effigy is depicted in high relief with the face dominating the field, surrounded by the circular imperial legend. The inscription +CHVONRADVS IMP encircles the bust, identifying the emperor by name and title. The execution is typical of Salian-period hammered coinage, with bold if somewhat schematic portraiture. |
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| Mintage | ND (1031-1051) |
| Additional information |
Bardo served as Archbishop of Mainz from 1031 until his death in 1051, and this denier reflects the peculiar constitutional arrangement of the Ottonian and early Salian church: archbishops of Mainz held imperial coinage rights, meaning Bardo struck coins jointly in his own name and that of Conrad II — and later, after Conrad's death in 1039, the same dies continued circulating under Henry III without immediate revision. The Mainz mint was among the most productive in the Reich during this period, feeding commerce along the Rhine.