Denier - Andrew II

Andrew II's reign was defined less by stable governance than by the crisis that produced it: his 1222 Golden Bull, extracted by rebelling nobles and often called Hungary's Magna Carta equivalent, fundamentally curtailed royal fiscal authority. The timing matters for coinage — his deniers reflect a period of chronic treasury pressure, much of it self-inflicted by the catastrophically expensive Fifth Crusade he led in 1217.

Silver fineness degraded noticeably across his thirty-year reign as the crown monetized whatever metal it could source.