Home Coins Europe Italy Italian States Sicily, Kingdom of Denaro - Manfred M gothic with cross

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Denaro - Manfred M gothic with cross

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Descrizione del rovescio	Within a plain inner circle, a double cross (cross potent or cross of Jerusalem type) formed by two superimposed Latin crosses of equal arm length, creating an eight-armed star-like composition. The design fills the central field and is boldly struck, consistent with the hammered technique typical of Sicilian billon denari of the Hohenstaufen period.
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Bordo	Plain
Zecca	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Tiratura	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Informazioni aggiuntive	Manfred ruled Sicily as regent from 1254 before seizing the crown outright in 1258, governing until his death at the Battle of Benevento in 1266 — the engagement in which Charles of Anjou effectively ended Hohenstaufen rule in southern Italy. This small billon piece belongs to a reign defined by continuous papal hostility; Manfred was excommunicated repeatedly, and his coinage circulated in a kingdom the Church refused to legitimize. Spahr's classification places this among the later issues of Manfred's reign, struck from Sicilian mints operating under conditions of political siege.