Catalog
Denaro - Manfred M gothic with cross
| Issuer | Sicily, Kingdom of |
|---|---|
| Year | |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Within a plain inner circle, a double cross (cross potent or cross of Jerusalem type) formed by two superimposed Latin crosses of equal arm length, creating an eight-armed star-like composition. The design fills the central field and is boldly struck, consistent with the hammered technique typical of Sicilian billon denari of the Hohenstaufen period. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Manfred ruled Sicily as regent from 1254 before seizing the crown outright in 1258, governing until his death at the Battle of Benevento in 1266 — the engagement in which Charles of Anjou effectively ended Hohenstaufen rule in southern Italy. This small billon piece belongs to a reign defined by continuous papal hostility; Manfred was excommunicated repeatedly, and his coinage circulated in a kingdom the Church refused to legitimize.
Spahr's classification places this among the later issues of Manfred's reign, struck from Sicilian mints operating under conditions of political siege.