Denaro

Arezzo's communal coinage of the 1270s emerged during a period of intense factional conflict between the Ghibelline oligarchy that controlled the city and the Guelf forces backed by the papacy and Florence. The comune struck its own denari as a declaration of fiscal independence from episcopal authority, which had previously dominated local monetary production. The arrangement was short-lived — Ghibelline Arezzo would face devastating defeat at Campaldino in 1289, after which its communal institutions were progressively dismantled.