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Denaro
| Issuer | Pisa, Republic of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1155-1181 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Central field features the gothic letter F enclosed within a beaded or linear inner circle, referencing Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) under whose imperial authority Pisa struck this coinage. The surrounding legend reads IMPERATOR F, rendered in medieval Latin majuscules. The overall design is characteristically austere, consistent with the hammered billon denari of the Tuscan minting tradition of the mid-12th century. The flan is irregular and moderately struck, with legend partially visible around the periphery. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | IMPERATOR F |
| Reverse description | The reverse field bears the inscription PISA arranged in two lines across the central field, serving as the toponym identifying the issuing commune. The surrounding legend reads FREDERICVS, referencing Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, whose name guaranteed the authority of the coinage. The lettering is executed in crude medieval Latin majuscules typical of 12th-century Italian communal issues. The flan is irregular in shape, a characteristic feature of hand-hammered billon denari of this period. |
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