Bezant 'Saracen' - Anonymous Crusader imitation - 1st type - Tyre

Historical Context: This Bezant, designated the 'Saracen' type and issued by the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1149-1187) from Tyre, reflects a critical era for the Crusader states. Spanning the reigns of Baldwin III to Guy of Lusignan, these gold coins were vital for trade within the Levant, particularly with Muslim neighbors. Their anonymous nature and imitation of contemporary Fatimid dinars were strategic, ensuring widespread acceptance as a reliable medium of exchange in a region accustomed to Islamic currency. This pragmatic approach underscores Crusader economic realities.

Artistry: The artistry of this 1st type Bezant is characterized by its deliberate imitation of Fatimid Islamic coinage, a stylistic choice driven by commercial necessity. Anonymous engravers crafted designs mimicking Arabic inscriptions, often featuring concentric circles of pseudo-Kufic script. These legends, though frequently blundered or illegible, were visually convincing, enabling seamless circulation alongside genuine Islamic currency. The absence of overt Christian iconography ensured broad acceptance across mercantile networks.

Technical/Grading: Struck in .916 gold, weighing 3.87 grams, and 25 mm in diameter, this Bezant (Fr#1) adheres to type specifications. Optimal grading prioritizes a strong, centralized strike, ensuring pseudo-epigraphic legends are as complete and legible as possible. Given Crusader minting practices, variations in strike quality and die wear are common. A well-preserved specimen will exhibit minimal wear on high points like central motifs and outer legend rings, retaining original luster.