Bastardo - Manuel I 2nd issue

Malacca fell to Afonso de Albuquerque in July 1511, and Portuguese colonial coinage followed almost immediately — the bastardo was among the first issues struck under Crown authority in Southeast Asia. Production relied entirely on local calin, the tin-lead alloy already in wide circulation across the Malay world, a pragmatic concession to regional monetary practice rather than any attempt to impose Lisbon's metallurgical standards.

The second issue, catalogued by Gomes as E1 21.01, is distinguished from the first by subtle die differences that specialists have documented but that remain difficult to confirm on worn examples — and worn they almost always are, given the softness of the alloy.