Aureus - Nero PONTIF MAX TR P VII COS IIII P P EX S C, Roma

Historical Context: This Aureus, struck in 60-61 AD, places it firmly within the initial, more stable phase of Emperor Nero's reign. The titulature PONTIF MAX TR P VII COS IIII P P EX S C clearly dates the coin, with TR P VII indicating his seventh tribunician power and COS IIII his fourth consulship. These titles, including Pontifex Maximus and Pater Patriae, underscore Nero's consolidation of imperial authority and his adherence to traditional Roman magistracies, projecting an image of legitimate and pious rule. The inclusion of EX S C (by decree of the Senate) further subtly acknowledges the Senate's theoretical role in imperial governance, even as Nero's personal power grew.

Artistry: Struck at the Rome mint, this aureus exemplifies the high artistic standards characteristic of early Imperial Roman coinage. The obverse likely features a laureate bust of Nero, rendered with the refined, somewhat idealized classical style prevalent during this period, reflecting the skilled craftsmanship of the imperial die engravers. The reverse design for RIC I#27 typically depicts Ceres standing left, holding corn-ears and a torch. This iconography symbolizes the crucial imperial provision of grain (annona), prosperity, and fertility, appealing to public sentiment and reinforcing the emperor's role as provider and guardian of Roman welfare.

Technical/Grading: This gold aureus weighs 7.7 grams, consistent with the established imperial standard for the period, ensuring its intrinsic value. Key high-points for wear on the obverse would include the hair above the forehead, the laurel wreath, and the prominent features of Nero's face. On the reverse, the high-points would be Ceres' head, the drapery folds, and the details of the corn-ears and torch. A well-struck example would exhibit sharp details on both sides, good centering, and minimal die wear, retaining much of its original luster. Minor strike weakness might be observed on the periphery or in areas of intricate detail, but overall, these coins are typically well-executed.