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As - Augustus PAX IVL, Pax Iulia
| Issuer | Mint of Pax Iulia (Beja, Lusitania) |
|---|---|
| Year | 27 BC - 14 AD |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 11.51 g |
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| Obverse description | Bare head of Augustus facing right, depicted in the Roman provincial style typical of Lusitanian municipal coinage. The portrait is rendered with short hair and classicising facial features consistent with Augustan iconography. No legend appears on the obverse, the field being otherwise plain. The flan is irregular in shape, characteristic of hammered provincial bronze coinage of this period. |
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| Reverse description | A draped female figure, identified as Pax, seated left upon a throne or chair, holding a caduceus in her right hand and a cornucopia in her left. The legend PAX IVL is disposed in the field to the left of the figure, referencing the mint city of Pax Iulia (modern Beja, Portugal). The design reflects the Augustan ideological programme associating civic peace with imperial prosperity, rendered in the local provincial engraving tradition. |
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| Additional information |
Pax Iulia — modern Beja in southern Portugal — was a Roman colonial foundation whose very name honored Augustus, established as part of the systematic pacification and urbanization of Lusitania following the Cantabrian Wars. The city held the right to strike its own bronze coinage, a privilege extended to select Iberian municipalities as a practical solution to chronic small-denomination shortages that Rome's own mints had no interest in filling.
Production at Pax Iulia was limited enough that the series is genuinely scarce today. The civic magistrates responsible for the issue are named on surviving specimens — a detail that makes these coins primary documents of local Roman administration in a province still being absorbed into imperial structures.