Æ32 - Gallienus (sole reign) (ϹΥΝΝΑΔΕΩΝ / ΙΩ-ΝΩΝ)

Synnada, a Phrygian city whose marble quarries supplied Rome with the prized marmor Synnadicum, minted extensively under Gallienus during his sole reign after Valerian I was captured by Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa in 260 AD — the single most humiliating moment in third-century Roman history. Provincial civic coinage flourished in precisely this period, as the empire fractured and local authorities asserted autonomy through their minting programs. Synnada's issues are notably scarce in collections outside Turkish institutional holdings.