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Æ32 - Gallienus (sole reign) (ϹΥΝΝΑΔΕΩΝ / ΙΩ-ΝΩΝ)
| Issuer | Synnada (Conventus of Synnada) |
|---|---|
| Year | 260-268 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Emperor Gallienus facing right, depicted from the rear in three-quarter perspective, a characteristic provincial rendering of the imperial effigy. The emperor's beard is rendered in fine beaded detail, and the paludamentum is visible over the cuirass. A circular Greek legend surrounds the bust in the field, running along the inner border of the flan. |
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| Reverse script | Greek |
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Synnada, a Phrygian city whose marble quarries supplied Rome with the prized marmor Synnadicum, minted extensively under Gallienus during his sole reign after Valerian I was captured by Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa in 260 AD — the single most humiliating moment in third-century Roman history. Provincial civic coinage flourished in precisely this period, as the empire fractured and local authorities asserted autonomy through their minting programs. Synnada's issues are notably scarce in collections outside Turkish institutional holdings.