Æ31 - Gallienus (sole reign) (ΑΚΜΟΝΕΩΝ)

Acmonea was a minor Phrygian city whose civic coinage under Gallienus falls entirely within his sole reign following the capture of his father Valerian by Shapur I in 260 — an unprecedented humiliation that left the empire functionally fractured. Provincial bronze of this period from the Apamean conventus was struck on local authority, filling a practical gap as the central Roman mint strained under near-constant military crisis. The X# reference places this outside the standard RPC framework, suggesting attribution remains working rather than settled.