Æ21 - Tiberius EX D D C I F AN LXIIII

Sinope's colonial status under Rome was formalized by Julius Caesar in 47 BC, when he refounded it as Colonia Iulia Felix — one of the few Pontic cities to receive full Roman colonial privileges rather than merely allied status. The EX D D in the legend abbreviates ex decreto decurionum, indicating the local senate authorized this strike, a civic formality that mattered considerably to colonists anxious to perform Roman identity at the frontier of the empire. The AN LXIIII calculates the city's 64th year from that Caesarian foundation, placing this bronze squarely in the early reign of Tiberius.