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Æ21 - Philip I ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ ΧΙΩΝ ΕΡΥΘΡΑΙΩΝ
| Issuer | Erythrae (Conventus of Smyrna) |
|---|---|
| Year | 244-249 |
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| Reference(s) | RPC VIII#20313 |
| Obverse description | The civic emblem of Erythrae: a sphinx seated to the left, its right forepaw resting upon an amphora. The figure is rendered in a compact, stylised manner typical of provincial Ionian bronze coinage. A dotted border frames the design. The Greek legend ΕΡΥΘΡΑΙΩΝ curves around the periphery, identifying the issuing city. |
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| Reverse description | Heracles standing facing right in the field, nude, raising a club above his head with his right hand while his left arm bears the Nemean lion skin draped over it. The heroic figure is depicted in a dynamic contrapposto stance consistent with provincial Greek bronzes of the mid-third century AD. The encircling Greek legend reads ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ ΧΙΩΝ ΕΡΥΘΡΑΙΩΝ, proclaiming the homonoia alliance between the cities of Chios and Erythrae. A dotted border frames the composition. |
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The ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ ("homonoia") coinage issued jointly by Erythrae and Chios reflects a formal alliance between neighboring Ionian cities, a practice that intensified under the Roman imperial system as cities competed for status and cultivated useful friendships. These homonoia issues were civic diplomacy made metal — the agreement between Erythrae and Chios was substantive enough to warrant coinage under at least two emperors.
Philip I's reign coincided with the run-up to Rome's millennial celebrations of 248 AD, a moment when provincial cities across the East were particularly active in aligning themselves with imperial favor.