Æ In the name of Julian II

These barbarous imitations of late Roman coinage, struck by Germanic groups during the last decades of the fourth century, reflect the deep penetration of Roman monetary culture beyond the limes. Julian's types were copied well after his death in 363, sometimes by communities that had never participated in the official Roman economy as subjects. The prototypes degraded with each generation of copying, producing increasingly abstract die work that still functioned as exchange media in frontier and post-frontier communities.