Æ In the name of Constantius II, Plain staffs

These imitations, produced by Germanic groups operating beyond the Rhine-Danube frontier, emerged during a period when Roman bronze coinage was penetrating barbarian territories through trade, payment of foederati, and frontier commerce. The plain staffs variant — distinguished from sceptered types by the unadorned sceptre held by the figure — represents a local die-cutter's simplification, likely reflecting unfamiliarity with the prototype rather than deliberate iconographic choice. No issuing authority can be assigned with confidence.