Æ In the name of Constantine I, Bust facing right, hollow podium

These small bronzes, struck by Germanic groups operating beyond the Danubian frontier, were produced in imitation of Constantinian coinage at a moment when Roman coin types were circulating widely through gift exchange, tribute, and raiding. The hollow podium reverse — derived from the gloria exercitvs types — was among the most copied Roman designs across the barbaricum, likely because the military imagery carried political weight even when the inscriptions were garbled or meaningless to the striker. Göbl's reference point of 2635 places this within a loosely defined cluster rather than a confirmed die group.