500 Réis - Pedro II Countermark '500' or 'S00' and new lettering over Cruzado João IV
| Эмитент | Portugal |
|---|---|
| Год | 1688-1704 |
| Тип | Standard circulation coin |
| Номинал | 500 Réis (Reais) |
| Валюта | Real (1517-1835) |
| Состав | Silver (.917) |
| Вес | 22.9 g |
| Диаметр | 40 mm |
| Толщина | |
| Форма | Round |
| Техника | Hammered, Milled, Countermarked |
| Ориентация | |
| Гравёр(ы) | |
| В обращении до | |
| Каталожные номера | Gomes#J4 112; J4 113; J4 114; J4 115; J4 116; J4 117; J4 KM#437.1 |
| Описание аверса | |
|---|---|
| Письменность аверса | Latin |
| Надписи аверса | IOANNES IIII DEI GRATIA PORTVG ET ALG REX |
| Описание реверса | Countermark [S00] or [500] |
| Письменность реверса | Latin |
| Надписи реверса | IN HOC SIGNO VINCES |
| Гурт | Rope shaped |
| Монетный двор | |
| Тираж |
ND (1688-1704) - Gomes#J4 112 (S00 over Cruzado lisboa) - ND (1688-1704) - Gomes#J4 115 (S00 over Cruzados with other stamps) - ND (1688-1704) - Gomes#J4 116 (500 over Cruzado Lisboa) - ND (1688-1704) EEEE - Gomes#J4 114 (S00 over Cruzado Évora) - ND (1688-1704) EEEE - Gomes#J4 118 (500 over Cruzado Évora) - ND (1688-1704) PPPP - Gomes#J4 113 (S00 over Cruzado Porto) - ND (1688-1704) PPPP - Gomes#J4 117 (500 over Cruzado Porto) - |
| ID Numisquare | 1292603860 |
| Дополнительная информация |
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Historical Context: This 500 Réis coin (1688-1704) reflects monetary revaluation under King Pedro II (1683-1706). A countermarked Cruzado of João IV, it exemplifies a common practice to adjust currency without new minting. This revalidation addressed economic necessities, like fluctuating silver prices or denomination standardization. The countermark officially elevated older coinage's nominal value, ensuring circulation and demonstrating the crown's efforts to maintain stability before Brazilian gold discoveries transformed Portugal's economy.
Artistry: The "artistry" here is primarily functional. The original Cruzado of João IV featured the traditional Portuguese shield and Cross of Christ. The Pedro II countermark consists of a prominent '500' or stylized 'S00' numeral, clearly indicating the new denomination, often with new lettering or a date. This application prioritized clear,