50 Cents Foreign Exchange Certificate

发行方	Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A. (Bank Pekao S.A.), Warsaw
年份	1979
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材质	Cotton paper
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正面描述	Yellow-ochre and brown bon towarowy (commodity voucher) with the Pekao globe logotype at centre. A circular guilloche vignette at right bears the denomination "0,50" with a dollar sign underprint. Red serial number at upper left; issuer details and date at foot in letterpress.
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背面铭文	BONY TOWAROWE BANKU POLSKA KASA OPIEKI S.A. NIE PODLEGAJĄ UMORZENIU I W ZAMIAN BONÓW UTRACONYCH NIE WYDAJE SIĘ DOKUMENTÓW ZASTĘPCZYCH 0,50 $
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备注	Bank Pekao's Foreign Exchange Certificates — Bony Towarowe — were not currency in any conventional sense. They were issued to Poles receiving hard currency remittances from abroad, obliging recipients to exchange their dollars or deutschmarks into these certificates rather than hold foreign cash. The certificates could then be spent only at Pewex stores, the state's hard-currency retail chain, where Western goods unavailable to ordinary citizens sat behind glass counters. The 1979 series was printed domestically by PWPW, an unusual choice given how politically sensitive the program's very existence was — an official acknowledgment that socialist zloty simply could not buy what hard currency could.

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